Major project ( Draft 2 )

Racism in the news : A critical  discourse  analysis  of  news reporting

in two prominent Australian newspapers

 

Peter, T(2000)  conducted a study  to probe for  ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of  newspaper reporting.  The research focused on news reports relating to a Vietnamese gang (5T) in Australia whose violent, drug-dealing activities received publicity in two Sydney-based newspapers: The Sydney Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph. The analysis of these reports adheres to the analytic paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and is undertaken in two very distinct stages. The first, a general characterization of the newspaper discourse, revealed evidence of a systematic stereotyping of “others” (Asians) as well as stereotyping of the ethnic community by the “white” majority. This is followed by a comparative analysis of two reports, which reveals evidence of racist ideology manifested in an asymmetrical power discourse between the (ethnic) law-breakers and the (white) law-enforcers.  The results showed that in presenting headlines and news content related to the police, the newspapers will choose to use vocabulary and sentence structures that are positive and associated with the ideology of the powers of the police (i.e. "Got you ... police hit back in the heroin war", "Two gunned down in heroin gang war".  While the news regarding the 5T gang focuses on using words that highlight crime and mayhem, such as "Street gang's culture of murder".

This study presents evidence that there is indeed ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of newspapers reports relating to the aforementioned Vietnamese gang in Australia.  However, there are some limitations.

1. The researcher used data drawn from only a few newspapers that are very pro-police. Usually in such a study, data should be gathered from myriad and eclectic news sources such as in  Hongladarom(1996) have used two texts  by a comparative study of discourse in ways that differ both in the newspapers and television.

2. In this study, the researcher seems to purposely disregard linguistic that is germane to the study. The study should focus on linguistic, pragmatics and semantics. In addition, the research could be more comprehensive when discussing the various components of news and social context. Because it is useful to the study of   racism in media discourse.

3. To analyze the data, the researcher has divided the analysis into two sections: a general characterization of the newspaper discourse, and a comparative analysis of two texts. However, the researcher did not analyze in the inter-text, which is extremely important in the presentation of the ideology behind the news reporting; that there is a relationship between text and the socio-cultural.

The strengths of this study lies in its methodology. It proves that certain key words (i.e. them, crime, etc.) when used to describe the Vietnamese gangs resonate with Australians and cause them to think negatively about the gangs. Portrait of an Asian man in the eyes of most people means a bad person. Although this research was conducted in Australia, it doesn’t take in account Asian minorities residing in Europe or America as in the work of van Dijk(1984) was discussed and examples of research, most of which refers to a group of white people in Europe. Another key advantage of this study is that the results were clearly illustrated with illustration figures and conclusion was made based on the results in the study.

 

References

Hongladarom,K.(1996).Competing discourse on hilltribes: media representation of  ethnic    

            minorities in Thailand.Silpakorn,20(3),11-47.

Peter,T.(2000).“Racism  in  the news : A  critical  discourse  analysis  of  news  reporting  in  two

Australian newspapers” Discourse and Society,11(1),7-49.

van Dijk,T.A.(1984).Prejudice in discourse. Amsterdam : John Benjamins..

Major Project ( draft 1)

Racism in the news : a critical discourse analysis of news reporting
in two Australian newspapers

Peter Teo (2000) conducted a study to probe for ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of newspapers reporting. The research focused on news reports relating to a Vietnamese gang in Australia whose violent and drug-dealing activities have received publicity in two Sydney-based newspapers : The Sydney Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph. The analysis of these reports adheres to the analytic paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA) and undertaken in two stages. The first, a general characterization of the newspaper discourse, revealed evidence of a systematic “othering” and stereotyping of the ethnic community by the “white” majority. This is followed by a comparative analysis of two reports, which surfaces evidence of racist ideology manifest in an asymmetrical power discourse between the (ethnic) law-breakers and the (white) law-enforcers. The study concluded whit a discussion to explain the evidence and reinforces the marginalization of recent Vietnamese migrants into Australia. The results showed that in presenting headlines and news content related to the police or the state will have the choice of vocabulary and sentence structures that are associated with the ideology of the powers of the police. Power control and suppression of crime, such as using the word "Got you ... police hit back in the heroin war", "Two gunned down in heroin gang war". While the news about the 5T is about crime and mayhem, such as using the word "Street gang's culture of murder" The choice of vocabulary and sentence structure, as this is consistent with the concept of van Dijk (1984) at that when they presented themselves are often present themselves in a positive way. If not, their group is presented in a negative way. As an act of Vietnamese and Asian people who live in this country as "the tall youth of Asian appearance" "Vietnamese gangsters" "Groups of youth, many of South-East Asian appearance" So when it is said to them, this group repeatedly referred to as the offender, it is that this group has become a symbol of criminals. When there is no mention of minorities will give you a little like "Neighbors of the dead man (Tri)", "Ms Gerry Trimarch (Tri's wife)", but refers to the authorities to provide a lot of both duties and responsibilities as well. The researcher investigated that in this research study, the researcher focused on the relationship between discourse and ideology of racism is found. Event in Australia, will be the more liberated. However, the issue of racism is still a latent ideology, through various forms of public discourse and reinforces the ideology of social intentionally by naturally.
This study can prove that ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of newspapers reports relating to a Vietnamese gang in Australia. However, there are some limitations.

1. The researcher used data from only the newspapers that presentation by side from the single newspaper, as a results seem to unclearly. It look like uncover all the socio-cultural context. Normally, many research study in racism by CDA have to use another texts for analyses as reference Hongladarom(1996) have used two texts by a comparative study of discourse in ways that differ both in the newspapers and television. It also used data from interviews with the idea of producing a text attributed to analyze it. Moreover, in the work of van Dijk (1984) was described in detail and the study clearly renders such a conversation in everyday. He has proposed a method for determining the discourse that is racism or not. Is determined by the presentation of self in a positive way. And the other group in a negative addition, an assortment of discourse is presented ideology of racism into 4 types: conversation, news reports, textbooks and political discourse: parliamentary debates.

2. In this study, the researcher seem to indiscriminate on linguistic that so important for analysis. It should be focus on linguistic, the pragmatics and semantics. In addition, the research could be more comprehensive on the components of news and social context. Because, it is useful to study of racism in media discourse.

3. To analyze the data, the researcher has divided the analysis into two sections: a general characterization of the newspaper discourse, and a comparative analysis of two texts. However, the researcher should be analyze in the inter-text, which are particularly important in the presentation of the ideology behind the news reporting that there is a relationship between text and the socio-cultural.

The strengths of this study is that the methodology in proving what interesting is that the mention of Vietnamese living in Australia is the "they" is quite clear in the minds of people in this country. Furthermore, the Vietnam people's offense has become a representation of Asians who came to live in this country. Portrait of an Asian man in the eyes of most people, it was presented in a negative is not valid and governments need to correct it. Although this research is to study in Australia, it might be seen that the minority is not mentioned as a minority living in Europe or America. As in the work of van Dijk(1984) was discussed and examples of research, most of which refers to a group of white people in Europe. Nevertheless, in this research, an ethnic minority who are Asians as the results led to the creation of new ideas to increase and creates new knowledge. Another advantage of this study is that the results were clearly described with illustrated figures and conclusion were made according to the results in the study.

References
Hongladarom,Krisadawan.(1996).Competing discourse on hilltribes: media representation of
ethnic minorities in Thailand.Silpakorn,20(3),11-47.
Peter Teo.2000.“Racism in the news : a critical discourse analysis of news reporting in
two Australian newspapers” Discourse and Society,11(1),7-49
van Dijk,T.A.(1984).Prejudice in discourse. Amsterdam : John Benjamins..

Minor Project

Minor Project

My research question will focus on analyzing the relationship between language and representation in Thailand’s National and Local newspapers during the years 2004 to 2014. In analyzing the data I will use the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). In addition, I will also compare the ISAN representation in the national and local newspapers during the aforementioned years.

For this study the researcher used Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional framework as well as van Dijk (2008) approach of ‘racism of the autonomous’ to critique society.

Researchers who have looked at this subject are Tuan A. van Dijk and Krisadawan Hongladarom. They are both important to the study of racism due, largely in part, to the concepts and methods that are featured in their research. Moreover, the results of the research were essential and gives credence to the study in this field as well.

van Dijk(2008) research provides a very detailed insight that focuses on the key concepts of discourse and racism and how the correlation pertains to this particular study. He recommended myriad and germane ways to learn about racism that appears in discourse types and focused on the issue of inequality in society. The concept of an outsider in the group and the results were presented within different discourse. He gave examples of elite discourse in the reproduction of power in presenting the concept of ethnic prejudice. This is quite evident from the wording and social practices that contribute to the dialogue and communication. van Dijk attempted (quite successfully) to demonstrate how these discourses influence people to think about latent racism and the reason(s) for doing so. He also proposed a structure for analyzing the discourse of racism; with the primary aim of asking and answering the question: If an action or discourse that emphasizes "we" have a positive connotation then would "they" conversely, have a negative connotation. Lastly, he asks is using the word “us” in this situation sending the wrong idea about a particular action or does it reduce the severity of the event?

Whereas, Hongladarom(2009), case study, done in Thailand, contributes to the understanding of language and ideology and states that both parts are correlated very well. The use of language is not only used to tell a story but also serves to clarify the debate used as a tool of ideology. Her study attempts to use Language to convey the thoughts of one ethnic group to another. Thus, we may understand and believe in the opinions of the group. In addition, her research is also the first study in Thailand that introduced the concept of CDA to study the visual presentation of minorities in the country and look into the discourse of race as well.

A detailed study of two excerpts found that such research articles used different data and field. Hongladarom chose a popular newspaper while van Dijk divided the ideology of racism into 4 types: conversation, news reports, textbooks and political discourse: parliamentary debates.

My work will take a closer look at van Dijk’s and Hongladarom’s because these researchers demonstrate that the overall concept included in their respective studies allow other researchers to understand the basic concept, framework, the nature of linguistic and ideas more clearly. My research will be used to assist me in further studying individuals from ISAN; by considering the visual presentation of ISAN people and their self-presentation in manufacturing a presentation that asks the question: is there an underlying ideology or not. And does it lead to anything significant in society. Numerous studies have shown and proven that language affects how the media’s ideology affects society. This ideology is also an approach to research that is used to study whether a different discourse, such as van Dijk has proposed germane text to include in everyday conversation textbooks coverage and news reports.

The findings of the present study may shed light on the visual representation of the ISAN newspapers media through National and Local newspapers and might construct some understanding of the attitude of the press in Thailand at the national and local levels on ISAN. Moreover, the results of this study add a new knowledge base to this field. ( 520 words)

Reference List
van Dijk,T.A.(2008). Discourse & Power. New York : Palgrave Macmilan.
Hongladarom, Krisadawan.(2009). Competing Discourse on Hilltribes: Media Representation
of Ethnic Minorities in Thailand. Silpakorn,2009(9),11-17.

Writing an introduction

“The relationship between language and representations of ISAN people in national and local newspapers : a critical discourse analysis”


By Suphat Kaewphat



Stage 1

Northeast or ISAN has the maximum area of approximately 168,854 square kilometers or equivalent to one third of the total area of the country and that has the largest area in the country. In addition, ISAN has a population that has the largest number of people from many people about 18,666,000 Thailand all 64,871,000 people, with all 20 counties of 76 provinces in Thailand. As a result of ISAN has been important and should be attended by the government ; in fact, ISAN facing many problems such as lack of development of the arid ,far developed ,amd seen as a social status is unequal to the other sectors.( Somin , 2010)

Ginseng (2002) reveals that "In the past, the ISAN was seen as silly or as second-class citizens of the country, which is a low level of labor." Furthermore, the word "Lao" was originally a term that is used to represent the ISAN on their interaction with the ISAN together (Hongladarom,2009). Moreover, Akarakul(2006) said that when outside groups to use in the show contempt and others including the inferior able to said about the ISAN that the word “Lao” which is a term used to refer to a distinguished themself when talking ;whereas, the word is used by people from different regions from government officials or those in Bangkok. Consequently, this ideology divide two groups (in-group and out-group) cause a rupture in society ;that is, evident from the report of the media newspaper.

Newspapers are also essential to act publish the ISAN in different ways, such as in the coverage of the national newspapers, the capacity to convey the news to large groups of people in Thailand to recognize the ideas, attitudes to people. The national media have a role in producing more power to spread the image of the ISAN to the public. Using linguistics is to express an opinion about the ISAN, it is important as well, author must be careful in bringing the news to most neutral. It can be seen that the reporting of the ISAN, it also has some potential implications to the language used naturally by the reader's knowledge. Thus, the media are an important part of society's perception of the visual representation of the ISAN.

Stage 2

There have been few studies of representation by approach of CDA ( Critical Discourse Analysis) in Thai, such as Suriya (2011) analyzes the relationship between language and the representation of death row and executed daily newspaper in Thailand along the critical discourse analysis, Thitiwaraluk (2010) study on the creation of the country and a representative of the MSM on the site. While in America, Australia and Europe have been several studies. According to van Dijk (2008) have presented ideas about in-group and out-group the very interesting subject matter, the discourse of racism is associated with the ideology of the group. It will focus on presenting themselves or someone in their group as a positive when an outsider groups are presented in the negative. Teo (2000) studied concern racism in the news : a critical discourse analysis of news reporting in two Australian newspapers , and Edwards (2012 ) researched a comparative discourse analysis of the construction of “In-groups” in the 2005 and manifestos of the British National Party. Moreover, Erjavec (2001) studied entitled media representation of the discrimination against the Roma in Eastern Europe: the case of Slovenia, this research aimed to study the discrimination of the media in presenting unique about the revolt against Rome.

Stage 3

However, considering the research in various fields, there are a few researches that linguistic studies in the visual presentation of the group representing the ISAN in the discourse , especially in the study of national media discourse and local media. Although, presenting an image representing the ISAN through newspapers make the picture representing the ISAN of interest offered through two segments of the same views and different from the view outside through the national media. Moreover, portrait ISAN that have been published to have both positive and negative. Meanwhile, the ISAN has presented itself through coverage in local newspapers. The image is often presented as the ISAN is positive and try to fight or to ask a general understanding, sympathetic and agree on the identity of the ISAN. Whereas , van Dijk (2008) point out that racist discourse and more generally ideological discourse of in-group members, for instance, typically emphasize, in many discursive ways, the positive characteristics of our own group and its members, and the (purported ) negative characteristics of Others, the out-group.

Stage 4

Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the relationship between language and representation in the national and local newspaper during the years 2004 to 2014, according to the study of critical discourse analysis. And also compare of the ISAN representation in the national and local newspapers at the time. In addition, this study the researcher uses approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA) by using Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional framework. And by using van Dijk (2008) approach of the racism of the autonomous to critique of society.

Stage 5

The findings of the present study may shed light on make a visual representation of the ISAN newspapers media through national and local newspapers and might construct some understanding the attitude of the press in Thailand at the national and local levels on the ISAN. Moreover, the results of this study is a new knowledge and useful to study the critical discourse analysis to the other side.



Citation assignment 1

Citation assignment 1

Race and racism in South American archaeology

Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G. Politis

Abstract

This article addresses the issue of race and racism in the archaeology of South America taking into account contemporary contributions in order to analyses and discuss the subtle functioning of racist thinking and ideas. It also provides a theoretical framework of departure for deconstructing and interpreting race and racism as social and cultural phenomena trying to elucidate the powerful effects implied by racist feelings. In a more general sense, this paper attempts to show that race and racism are still vivid in many social and cultural fields - including scientific and academic ones, functioning sometimes as a powerfully rooted belief.

Race and Racism in South American Archaeology

Author(s): Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G. PolitisReviewed work(s):Source: World Archaeology, Vol. 38, No. 1, Race, Racism and Archaeology (Mar., 2006), pp. 93-108

APA-style  1

Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G (2006) reveal that race and racism are still vivid in many social and cultural fields - including scientific and academic ones, functioning sometimes as a powerfully rooted belief. (p. 93)

APA-style  2

The archaeology of South American inform us that race and racism are still vivid in many social and cultural fields - including scientific and academic ones, functioning sometimes as a powerfully rooted belief. (Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G, 2006, p. 93)

abstract

Race and racism in South American  archaeology

 

 

Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G. Politis

 

Abstract

This article addresses the issue of race and racism in the archaeology of South America taking into account contemporary contributions in order to analyse and discuss the subtle functioning of racist thinking and ideas. It also provides a theoretical framework of departure for deconstructing and interpreting race and racism as social and cultural phenomena trying to elucidate the powerful effects implied by racist feelings. In a more general sense, this paper attempts to show that race and racism are still vivid in many social and cultural fields - including scientific and academic ones, functioning sometimes as a powerfully rooted belief.

 

 

Race and Racism in South American Archaeology

Author(s): Rafael P. Curtoni and Gustavo G. PolitisReviewed work(s):Source: World Archaeology, Vol. 38, No. 1, Race, Racism and Archaeology (Mar., 2006), pp. 93-108